Joseph Pilates
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Joseph Pilates
Born
December 9, 1883
Died
October 9, 1967 (aged 83)
New York City, U.S.
Joseph Hubertus Pilates (Greek: Ιωσήφ Ουμβέρτος Πιλάτος) (December 9,[1][2] 1883 – October 9, 1967) invented and promoted the Pilates method of physical fitness.
Biography[edit]
Joseph H. Pilates was born in 1883[1][2] in Mönchengladbach, Germany. His father, Heinrich Friedrich Pilates, was a prize-winning gymnast, and his mother worked as a naturopath.[3]
Pilates was a sickly child and suffered from asthma, rickets, and rheumatic fever, and he dedicated his entire life to improving his physical strength. Besides skiing frequently, he began studying body-building, yoga, “kung fu” (probably what is now known as qigong), and gymnastics. By the age of 14, he was fit enough to pose for anatomical charts. Pilates came to believe that the “modern” life-style, bad posture, and inefficient breathing lay at the roots of poor health. He ultimately devised a series of exercises and training-techniques and engineered all the equipment, specifications, and tuning required to teach his methods properly.[citation needed]
Pilates was originally a gymnast, diver, and bodybuilder, but when he moved to England in 1912, he earned a living as a professional boxer, circus-performer, and self-defense trainer at police schools and Scotland Yard. Nevertheless, the British authorities interned him during World War I along with other German citizens in an internment camp, first in Lancaster Castle where he taught wrestling and self-defence, boasting that his students would emerge stronger than they were before their internment. It was here that he began refining and teaching his minimal equipment system of mat exercises that later became “Contrology”. He was then transferred to another internment camp on the Isle of Man. During this involuntary break, he began to intensively develop his concept of an integrated, comprehensive system of physical exercise, which he himself called “Contrology”. He studied yoga and the movements of animals and trained his fellow inmates in fitness and exercises. It is said that these inmates survived the 1918 flu pandemic due to their good physical shape.[citation needed]
After World War I, he returned to Germany and collaborated with important experts in dance and physical exercise such as Rudolf Laban. In Hamburg, he also trained police officers. When he was pressured to train members of the German army, he left his native country, disappointed with its political and social conditions, and emigrated to the United States.
In about 1925, Pilates migrated to the United States.[3] On the ship to America, he met his future wife Clara. The couple founded a studio in New York City and directly taught and supervised their students well into the 1960s. “Contrology”, related to encouraging the use of the mind to control muscles, focusing attention on core postural muscles that help keep the body balanced and provide support for the spine. In particular, Pilates exercises teach awareness of breath and of alignment of the spine, and strengthen the deep torso and abdominal muscles.[citation needed]
Joseph and Clara Pilates soon established a devoted following in the local dance and performing-arts community of New York. Well-known dancers such as George Balanchine, who arrived in the United States in 1933, and Martha Graham, who had come to New York in 1923, became devotees and regularly sent their students to the Pilates for training and rehabilitation. His exercise regimen built flexibility, strength and stamina. Soon after it became known that ballerinas were attending the Pilates gym on 8th Avenue, society women followed.[citation needed]
Joseph Pilates wrote several books, including Return to Life through Contrology and Your Health, and he was also a prolific inventor, with over 26 patents cited.[4] Joe and Clara had a number of disciples who continued to teach variations of his method or, in some cases, focused exclusively on preserving the method, and the instructor-training techniques, they had learned during their studies with Joe and Clara.[citation needed]
Joseph Pilates died in 1967 at the age of 83 in New York.
Disciples[edit]
The original direct disciples of Joseph “Joe” Pilates included:
- Eve Gentry
- Ron Fletcher
- Carola Trier
- Mary Bowen
- Kathy Grant
- Lolita San Miguel
- Jay Grimes
- Audrey May
- Romana Kryzanowska
Books[edit]
- Joseph Hubertus Pilates; William John Miller (1960). Return to Life Through Contrology. Christopher Pub. House.
- Your Health by Joseph H. Pilates (1934)
- Return to Life Through Contrology by Joseph H. Pilates and William J. Miller (1945)
Films[edit]
- Joseph Pilates is featured in the 2013 documentary film, “A Movement of Movement” made by Mark Pedri.[5]